This paper describes the evolution of IPM in Cuba during three pre- and post-revolutionary periods. The state of the art of IPM after the collapse of Cuba’s relations with the soviet block is analyzed in detail. During this ‘special period’ Cuba is undergoing a major conversion from conventional agriculture dependent on external inputs to a semi-organic agriculture dependent on local resources and low external inputs. The massive production and use of microbial pesticides complemented by cultural and habitat management techniques are at the heart of this new quest of agricultural sustainability in the midst of the economic crisis. About 982,000 ha of various crops are under biological control, with savings of about US$ 30 million in pesticide imports.
